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The group participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces. The group originated as Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, which pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004. Over 60 countries are directly or indirectly waging war against ISIL. The group has been designated a terrorist organisation by the United Nations, the European Union and member states, the United States, India, Indonesia, Israel, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Syria and other countries. The United Nations has held ISIL responsible for human rights abuses and war crimes, and Amnesty International has reported ethnic cleansing by the group on a "historic scale". As a caliphate, it claims religious, political and military authority over all Muslims worldwide, and that "the legality of all emirates, groups, states, and organisations, becomes null by the expansion of the khilāfah's authority and arrival of its troops to their areas". On 29 June 2014, the group proclaimed itself to be a worldwide caliphate, with Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi being named its caliph, and renamed itself ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah ( الدولة الإسلامية, "Islamic State" (IS)). The group is known in Arabic as ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah fī 'l-ʿIrāq wa-sh-Shām, leading to the acronym Da'ish or Daesh( داعش, Arabic pronunciation: ), the Arabic equivalent of "ISIL". Military situation as of 18 November 2015, in the Iraqi, Syrian, and Lebaneseconflicts. Chief of Syrian military operations: Abu Omar al-Shishani.Chief spokesperson: Abu Mohammad al-Adnani,.Head of the Shura Council: Abu Arkan al-Ameri,.Military chief: Abu Suleiman al-Naser,.Deputy leader in Iraq: Abu Muslim al-Turkmani †,.Deputy leader in Syria: Abu Ali al-Anbari,.Deputy leader: Abu Ala al-Afri still unconfirmed †,.Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of India: 29 January 2015.Claim of territory in: Libya, Egypt, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen: 13 November 2014.Separated from al-Qaeda: 3 February 2014.Claim of territory in the Levant: 8 April 2013.Declaration of an Islamic state in Iraq: 13 October 2006.